(RNS) — The Vatican has overturned a Texas bishop’s dismissal of a Carmelite nun from her order after she was accused of breaking her vow of chastity with a priest, weighing in on a power struggle and scandal that drew national attention.

The Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life found in favor of Mother Teresa Agnes Gerlach, prioress of the the Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity in Arlington, Texas, in her appeal to remain in her order after Fort Worth Bishop Michael Olson dismissed her in June 2023.

However, the dicastery upheld several of Olson’s other decisions, including his opening an investigation into the accusation that Gerlach had violated her chastity vow in her contacts with the Rev. Philip G. Johnson, a priest in the Diocese of Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Olson also was deemed correct in placing Gerlach on a leave of absence and issuing a canonical warning to nuns in the monastery against impeding the investigation.

Mother Teresa Agnes Gerlach of the Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity in Arlington, Texas. (Photo courtesy of the Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity Discalced Carmelite Nuns)

In April 2023, Olson began the investigation of Gerlach, a cloistered nun of Order of Discalced Carmelites who uses a wheelchair and a feeding tube. According to reporting by Texas Monthly, Gerlach had exchanged texts, phone calls and video chats with Johnson as they sought support from each other while both battled cancer. When Gerlach began to worry that they were too close and some of the exchanges had been inappropriate, she confided in her former spiritual counselor, the Rev. Jonathan Wallis, who reported her to Olson.

Gerlach has said that she was struggling with seizures and heavily medicated while speaking with Johnson. She also claimed that one of her conversations with Olson occurred on the same day that she had been under general anesthesia and had taken fentanyl as part of a procedure to replace her feeding tube. 

The investigation led to a legal battle. Gerlach sued Olson and the diocese in civil court, accusing them of invading the nuns’ privacy and taking their personal property. Meanwhile, Olson reported the nuns to the local police on allegations of marijuana use.

A Tarrant County judge dismissed the nuns’ lawsuit, and no criminal charges ever came of the marijuana allegations. But in August 2023, the nuns announced that they no longer recognized Olson’s authority. Olson responded by writing that the nuns may have incurred excommunication, calling the behavior “scandalous and schismatic.”

In a public statement on April 20, the Carmelite nuns wrote: “In the past year, since April 2023, our monastery has suffered continued attack and abuse from Michael Olson, the current Bishop of Fort Worth, in an ugly attempt to seize control of our governance, finances and life including an unannounced interrogation of our Mother Prioress while she was in a medically unfit state.

“An abusive father, however, must be resisted. We take Pope Francis at his word when he invited Consecrated Women ‘to fight when, in some cases, they are treated unfairly, even within the Church…at times, by men of the Church,’” the nuns wrote.

After the Vatican’s decrees were made public, the nuns issued a statement that called on Olson to apologize in light of the Vatican’s overturning of his dismissal of Gerlach from the order. They also took issue with the Vatican’s upholding of Olson’s investigation, writing, “It is reprehensible that medical evidence proving these allegations to be completely unfounded and fabricated has been ignored by the Holy See.”

Though returned to the Carmelite order, the Vatican did not return Gerlach to leadership of the monastery. In April, Olson released a statement saying that the Vatican had accepted a petition from a group of Carmelite monasteries that included Most Holy Trinity, the Association of Christ the King in the United States of America, to provide “direct oversight and direct responsibility for governance” of the monastery and recognized a new prioress, Mother Marie of the Incarnation, president of the Association of Christ the King.

Fort Worth Bishop Michael Olson. (Video screen grab)

In his statement on Tuesday’s ruling from the Vatican, Olson wrote, “This appointment by the Dicastery offers Mother Teresa Agnes the opportunity to seek restoration and recovery to live as a faithful member of the Carmelite Order in accordance with her religious vows but without the burdens of leadership that come with the office of prioress.”

On Wednesday, Mother Marie attempted to visit the Arlington nuns to deliver letters from the Vatican, but she was turned away, according to statements by both the Arlington Carmelites and Mother Marie. The Arlington nuns also said that she attempted to return on Thursday.

Olson said in his statement that he is awaiting a report on Johnson’s behavior from the Diocese of Raleigh. The Diocese of Raleigh did not immediately respond to a request for comment. 

He concluded with what seemed a peace offering to the nuns, writing, “I have known the Carmelites for more than 30 years, during which time I have prayed with them, offered Mass for them, and relied on their prayers for me,” Olson wrote. “As their Bishop, I stand ready to pastorally assist the nuns of the Arlington Carmel.”

This article has been updated.