c. 2004 Religion News Service

JERUSALEM _ If mainline Protestant church groups divest from businesses operating in Israel, as they say they might, it could actually harden rather than soften Israel’s stance toward Palestinians, warn prominent pro-Palestinian groups in Israel.

Proponents of divestment say it would pressure Israeli and American companies to change policies toward the Palestinians in the same way economic pressure on South Africa led to an end of apartheid.

But in Israel, even Israelis vehemently opposed to what they call Israel’s “occupation” of Palestinian land doubt whether such a divestment strategy would work.

Yariv Oppenheimer, the head of Peace Now, a left-wing organization that has long fought for an end to Israeli military rule over the Palestinians, said divestment would serve only to strengthen Israel’s self-image as a persecuted nation subjected to one-sided United Nations resolutions and boycotts instigated by Arab countries.

“We think divestment is not the right way to change the situation,” said Oppenheimer. “If anything, it may have the opposite effect of the one intended. Israelis feel the entire world is against them, so the immediate response” to such measures “is always anger and mistrust,” he said. “They will not convince Israelis that the occupation is a bad thing.”

A drumbeat for divestment has been building among mainline Protestant groups since the summer.

Last week, top officials in the Episcopal Church said an investments panel will recommend a 12-month study of whether the American denomination should divest from companies operating in Israel. In September, members of the Anglican Peace and Justice Network said that the worldwide Anglican Communion should consider punitive measures against Israel. And in July, the Presbyterian Church (USA) made a similar announcement, saying it may target companies harming Palestinians.

“It happened in South Africa, and in South Africa the boycott had an effect,” Jenny Te Paa, leader of the Anglican Peace and Justice Network, told the Guardian newspaper following a recent tour of the Palestinian territories. “Everybody said it wouldn’t work and it did work. So here we are taking on one of most wealthy and incredibly powerful nations (Israel) supported by the United States. That’s the Christian call.”

Oppenheimer and other critics of divestment said such groups should consider what happened from 1948 through the mid-1990s when the Arab world maintained a worldwide boycott on companies that did business with Israel. Although the boycott isolated Israel economically, making it impossible for Israelis to obtain everything from Pepsi to Japanese cars, it had little or no effect on the government’s policies.

For the churches to achieve their goals, Oppenheimer said, “they should engage in dialogue, not sanctions. Israel is a democratic country and if the majority of people vote to leave the territories, that will be the policy.”

Even Uri Avnery, the outspoken leader of Gush Shalom _ which Avnery himself calls “the most radical Israeli peace organization” _ is against across-the-board divestment from Israel.

“I feel that everyone should do what is right, but we believe that a boycott of Israel in general is counterproductive because it pushes the reasonable elements (in Israeli society) into the hands of the extremists. We want to isolate the extremists.”

To accomplish this, Gush Shalom is spearheading a campaign to boycott only Israeli products produced in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights, not those in “Israel proper.”

“We are publishing lists of products produced in the settlements and widely distributing them. We are calling on Israeli households to check whether the products they are buying come from the settlements and if so, to boycott them. The EU is also following suit.”

In contrast, Josh Reinstein, the director of the Israeli government’s Christian Allies Caucus, a new coalition comprised of parliament members and dozens of church representatives, said any punitive measures against Israel are “unjust.”

“While we are definitely interested in opening a dialogue on the subject with the churches, we are convinced there is another solution.”

Reinstein asserts that “divestment places the blame for the conflict on the Israelis, who are the victims of the intifada (uprising). I do not see a comparison between Israel and South Africa.”

If anything, Reinstein asserts, the churches “should put pressure on the Palestinian Authority. The Palestinian people are suffering under the horrible dictatorship of Yasser Arafat and should be liberated from it.”

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Protestant consideration of divestment is hardly universal.

Some American Christians, particularly evangelicals, actively support the Jewish state by financing everything from Israeli humanitarian aid programs to the absorption of new immigrants. Their influence would partially outweigh divestment activities by mainline Protestant denominations.

Just this week, 4,000 evangelical supporters gathered in Israel to participate in the annual Feast of the Tabernacles organized by the International Christian Embassy, a pro-Israel organization.

Israel’s Tourism Ministry estimated that the conference has pumped at least $10 million into the Israeli economy at a time when tourism is just beginning to rebound from four years of violence.

“The New Testament confirms that God has promised to bring the land and people of Israel back together for the purposes of world redemption,” said David Parsons, media officer of the Christian Embassy. “We would hope that we’re reading the same Bible and same newspapers as the Presbyterian Church (USA).”

It’s unclear what the economic impact of such divestment would be.

“It is unlikely to have a major effect because I doubt they have very much invested directly in Israel,” said Asher Blass, an economist and senior fellow at the Shalem Center, a Jerusalem think tank. “It would only make a difference, as it did with South Africa, if many American investors in capital funds and in high-tech companies were to pull out.”

But Abraham Foxman, national director of the New York-based Anti-Defamation League, told RNS that even a small-scale divestment movement is unwelcome.

“It delegitimizes Israel and its right to defend itself against terror,” said Foxman in a telephone interview. “There could be a domino effect that other churches might ultimately follow. It’s a serious threat that we take seriously.”

MO/PH END CHABIN